Table 2 Overview of the studies conducted using Sensor Technology
From: Assessment of frailty: a survey of quantitative and clinical methods
| Â | Author | Frailty Prameters | Data Analyses | Sensor | Frailty Model | Comparing Clinical Instrument |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | M.A Brodie et al. [27] | Stair Ascent (ADL) | Cohen’s Kappa, Four Fold Cross Validation | Pendant Device (Barometer +Accelerometer) | None |  |
2 | J. Bellmunt et al. [28] | ADL + Physical + Social | Bland-Altman Analysis Rule-Based Approach | Raspberry Pi, Industrial Sensor | None | Â |
3 | D.J. Hewson et al.[11] | Fried Phenotype | None | Tri-Axial Accelerometer In Smart Phone, Bathroom Scale, Grip Ball | Fried Phenotype | None |
4 | E. Gianaria et al. [19] | Gait Patterns + Posture Index | Pearson Coefficient | Kinect | None | TFI |
5 | R. Jaber et al. [33] | Fried Phenotype | None | Modified Bathroom Scale, Grip Ball, Doppler Sensor | Fried Phenotype | None |
6 | Balance + Fried Phenotype | Kolmogorove-Smirnov Test, Mann Whitney U Test | Balance Quality Tester, Dynamometer | Fried Phenotype | None | |
7 | R. Ganea et al. [55] | Posture Kinematics | Nonparametric Statistical Analysis (Wilcoxon Matched Pair) | Inertial Sensor (Two Accelerometers + Gyroscope) | None | Tinette Test |
8 | A.G. Mercant et al. [57] | Trunk Kinematics | Nonparametric Statistical Analysis (Mann-Whitney) and Cohen’s D | IPhone 4 (Accelerometer + Gyroscope) | None | Fried Phenotype |
9 | A. Martinez-Ramirez et al. [42] | Gait Parameters | ANOVA, | Tri-Axial Inertial Orientation Tracker | None | Modified Fried Phenotype |
10 | W. Zhang et al. [30] | ADL (Chair Rise Peak Power) | Spearman Correlation And Pearson Correlation | Pendant Sensor | None | GFI |
11 | A.Martinez-Ramirez et al. [36] | Balance Test | Continuous Wavelet Transforms, PCA | Tri-Axial Inertial Magnetic Sensor | None | Fried Phenotype |
12 | B.R. Greene et al. [63] | Balance and Mobility (TUG, five times Si-St and Quiet Standing Test) | ANOVA, support vector machine Classifier | Inertial Sensor (Tri-Axial Accelerometer + Tri-axial Gyroscope) | None | Fried Phenotype |
13 | Y.C. Chang et al. [21] | Weakness, weight, Slowness and Reaction Time, Functional Reach Strength, Reaction Time Balance | Neural Networks, Sensitivity and Specificity | E-Pad(Membrane Sensor), E-scale(LED + Wireless Unit), E-chair (Pressure Sensor + wireless Unit), E-Reach (Ultrasonic Distance Sensor), | Fried Phenotype | none |
14 | M. Schwenk et al. [51] | Gait, Balance and Physical Activity | Multimodal Logistic Regression | Inertial Sensor | Fried Phenotype | Â |
15 | N. Millor et al. [59] | Range of Movement, Acceleration and Power from 30s Chair Stand Test and Gait Speed from 3m Walking | Decision Tree, ANOVA | Inertial Sensor | None | Fried Phenotype |
16 | N.N.Toosizadeh et al. [31] | Elbow Flexion, and Extension (ADL) | Statistical Analysis | Inertial Sensor | Â | Fried Phenotype |