Fig. 1

Surgical approach and experimental overview. The anatomical location of the defect and theoretical surgical approach is shown in a sham surgery (a, note that no actual surgeries were performed in the present study), whole femurs excised with defects clearly marked (b), after the fragment is reattached the femur is truncated to fit into the potting (c) and test rig (d), a tensile load is applied (e, Tisseel sample at failure point) and, after testing, a three dimensional reconstruction of each sample was used to analyze the bond thickness, adhesive failure mode and variability in tissue architecture (f, OsStic sample after failure). For clarity the dimensions of the excised/reattached fragment, and anatomical location are indicated (g)