Fig. 6

Unipennate muscle. Schematic illustration of a unipennate muscle (top panel), and associated structural elements. t = tendon, a = aponeurosis, f = fibre, ce = contractile element, se = series elastic element. As shown in the middle and bottom panel, Ettema and Huijing(1990) [40] assumed that a fibre and associated contractile element were in series with the aponeurosis and associated tendon. This idea will reappear below. [Reprinted with permission from New York: Springer Verlag, Multiple Muscle Systems, Ettema and Huijing 1990 [40]]