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Table 2 The error angle corresponding to the estimation of rigid body attitude from multiple rigid body attitude measurements. Three methods are compared: the average of Cardan angles, the average and subsequent normalization of quaternions, and using the method of Markley et al. [13] for processing a set of quaternions

From: Quaternions as a solution to determining the angular kinematics of human movement

Method

Noise Standard Deviation

0.035

2

10

Average of Cardan Angles

0.009

0.90

4.23

Average of Quaternions

0.009

0.51

2.76

Markley et al. Quaternion Method

0.009

0.51

2.74