Fig. 5

Clinical applications of the MPS. a Image showing an MPS device attached on the surface of a Tyrode’s solution perfused rabbit heart, covering the apical portion of the heart. Scale bar, 1 cm. b Images indicating that the MPS device dilate (diastole) and contract (systole) along with the beating heart. Scale bars, 1 cm. c ECG tracing demonstrating that the MPS device offers a pacing function owe to excellent attachment. d MPS appearance shown before implantation (left), and macroscopic view of explanted MPS after 4 weeks of subcutaneous implantation (right). e Hematoxylin/eosin staining of tissue section and space (*) left by MPS implant (MPS implant was washed way during staining), after 4 weeks of subcutaneous implantation. Scale bar: 500 μm (left), 50 μm (right). f Schematic illustration demonstrating the potential clinical applications of the electrical driven MPS in dynamic organs with failed function, such as heart, stomach and urinary bladder. Scale bars, 1 cm