Table 1 3D Adipose Models of Obesity, Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer
From: In vitro tissue-engineered adipose constructs for modeling disease
Publication | Organism | Source of Cells and Disease Context | Scaffold | Advantages over 2D / Major Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Emont et al. 2015 [119] | M. musculus | Inguinal Fat Depot, Perigonadal Fat Depot, SVF Obesity | Collagen Hydrogel | ↑Expression: Adipoq Fabp4 Pparg Distinct expression patterns between inguinal and perigonadal fat depots |
Davidenko et al. 2010 [120] | M. Musculus | 3 T3-L1 s (pre-adipocytes) Obesity | Freeze Dried Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Crosslinked with EDC and NHS | ↑ 3 T3-L1 Proliferation ↑ adipsin ↑ Compressive Strength and Stiffness |
Turner et al. 2014 [121] | M. Musculus | 3 T3-L1 s Obesity | Copolymer of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to promote spheroid formation | ↑ Intracellular TG Content ↑ CD36 ↑ CD40 ↑ Pparg ↑ Adipoq When Exposed to TNFα: ↑ Glycerol Secretion ↑ FFA Concentration in Media |
Vidyasekar et al. 2016 [122] | M. Musculus | BM-MSCs | PLA microbeads polymerized with gelatin, alginate, dextran and pectin | ↑ Lipid Content (Nile Red) ↑ Expression: Pparg Fabp4 Cebpα Perfusion Increased above parameters |
Kuss et al. 2018 [123] | H. sapiens | hTERT immortalized isolates of BAT from a female patient Obesity/T2DM | Photocrosslinkable Hyaluronic Acid and Gelatin | Tunable Mechanical Properties ↑ Expression: UCP1 PGC1A ZIC1 ↓ Expression: HDAC1 ↑ Max and Basal Respiration ↓ IL-6 Improved Glucose Uptake +/− Insulin |
Hsiao et al. 2016 [124] | H. sapiens | ASCs Obesity | collagen and fibrinogen encapsulated within an alginate cylindrical shell | Unilocular Adipocytes ↑ Expression: ADIPOQ |
Mauney et al. 2007 [125] | H. sapiens | ASCs hMSCs Obesity | Silk | ↑ Expression: FABP4 PPARγ GLUT4 ADIPSIN ACS ↑ Lipid Content (Oil Red O) Implantable within Mice |
Bellas et al. 2013 [126] | H. sapiens | ASCs Obesity | Silk | Built on system in Mauney et al. Dynamic Spinning Increased Culture Time to 6 months |
Abbott et al. 2015 [127] | H. sapiens | ASCs derived from inguinal adipose tissue Obesity | Silk in a PDMS microfluidics device | 3D + Perfusion: ↑ TGs ↑ Glycerol Secretion ↓ LDH |
Aubin et al. 2015 [128] | H. sapiens | ASCs Microvascular endothelial cells Obesity | Serum and Ascorbic Acid Stimulated Self-assembled Cell Sheets | Long-term culture Expressed similar to AT explant: Leptin ANGPT1 PAI-1 VEGF HGF Mature endothelial structures |
Aubin et al. 2015 [129] | H. sapiens | ASCs Obesity | Serum and Ascorbic Acid Stimulated Self-assembled Cell Sheets | Exposure to TNF-α: ↑ MCP-1 ↓ SLC2A4 ↓ FASN ↑ NF-κB-related transcripts Dynamic culture increased lipid content |
Qi et al. 2018 [130] | H. sapiens | hTERT immortalized isolates of WAT from a female patient and HUVECs Obesity | methyacrylated HA, gelatin and PEG-4A-based hydrogel | ↑ Expression: PPARG LPL CEBPB Supports co-culture with endothelial cells |
Daquinag et al. 2013 [131] | M. Musculus | ASCs from the SVF 3 T3-L1 s bEND.3 Endothelial Cells | Magnetically Levitated Cells | Ability to form spheroids Decorin Deposition |
Choi et al. 2010 [132] | H. sapiens | ASCs HUVECs Obesity/ T2DM | Silk | In co-culture w/ HUVECs and in high insulin: ↓ Intracellular TG Content |
Abbott et al. 2016 [133] | H. sapiens | Liquified Lipoaspirates: Adipocytes, ASCs, fibroblasts, smooth muscle pericytes and endothelial cells Obesity | Silk | ↑ Glycerol Secretion ↑ TG Secretion When Exposed to TNFα: ↑ IL1-α ↑ OPG ↑ TIMP2 ↑ IL-6 ↑ IL-8 ↑ RANTES |
Das et al. 2015 [134] | H. sapiens | Adipocytes derived from human nasal inferior turbinate tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells Obesity | Silk-gelatin crosslinked with tyrosinase (bioink) | ↑ PPARG ↑ CEBPα ↑ LPL |
Proulx et al. 2016 [135] | H. sapiens | ASCs Microvascular endothelial cells Obesity | Serum and Ascorbic Acid Stimulated Self-assembled Cell Sheets | Upon adipocytes stimulated with TNF-α and IL-β: ↓ EC Length ↓ EC Branching |
Proulx et al. 2018 [136] | H. sapiens M. musculus | hASCs human microvascular endothelial cells grafted into nude mice Obesity | Serum and Ascorbic Acid Stimulated Self-assembled Cell Sheets | Integrated with host vasculature within 3 days No significant loss of adipocyte volume after 14 days of implantation. |
Yang et al. 2015 [137]* | H. sapiens | ASCs MCF-7 s Cancer | Microfluidics device | Real-time monitoring of tissue progression, Circulation-like dynamic flow of media, Studying the relationship between light penetration and tissue depth in photodynamic therapy |
Dunn et al. 2014 [138]* | H. sapiens | Decellularized subcutaneous adipose tissue from patients Cancer | Human adipose tissue derived extracellular matrix | Models ECM of Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment |
Campbell et al. 2014 [139] | M. Musculus | KIM-2 3 T3-L1 s Cancer | Collagen/HA | Recapitulated mammary gland involution |
Hume et al. 2018 (a) [140] | H. sapiens | MSCs (isolated from mammoplasty surgery) MDA-MB-231 Cancer | Collagen I | Allowed: 7 days of co-culture of adipocytes and MDA-MB-231 cells Multiphoton Microscopy Determination of adipocyte-dependent contributions to MDA-MB-231 migration |
Hume et al. 2018 (b) [141] | H. sapiens | 3 T3-L1 s MMTV-Wnt1 transgenic mouse (FVB background) TUBO (derived from Balb/c-Her2/neu transgenic mouse) Cancer | Collagen I | Assess tumor fragment migration ↑ imaging capabilities due to optical clearing MMTV-Wnt1 ROCK inhibitors promoted MMTV-Wnt1 migration 72 h Adipocyte co-culture was anti-migratory in MMTV-Wnt1 |
Bougaret et al. 2018 [142] | H. sapiens | ASCs MCF-7 Cancer | Collagen-glycosaminoglycan-chitosan | MCF-7 cells less sensitive to the effects of tamoxifen when co-cultured with adipocytes from obese women May be due to difference in IL-6, leptin and TNFα |
Mosaad et al. 2018 [143] | H. sapiens | Adipocytes derived from BM-MSCs C42Bs Cancer | Scaffold Free PDMS microwell-mesh | ↓ of C42B cell migration in co-culture with adipocytes Lack of docetaxel resistance in C42B cells co-cultured with adipocytes |
Herroon et al. 2016 [144] | M. musculus H. sapiens | Mouse Adipocytes and macrophages derived from BM-MSCs PC3s Cancer | Spheroids grown on Collagen IV | Adipocytes increased spheroid after 3 and 5 days of co-culture |
Fairfield et al. 2018 [4] | M. Musculus H. sapiens | Mouse and Human adipocytes derived from BM-MSCs 5TGM1 (Mouse Myeloma) MM1S (Human Myeloma) OPM2 (Human Myeloma) Cancer | Silk | In Adipocytes, Upregulated transcripts associated with: Proliferation Differentiation Growth Factor Response ECM Secretion Pattern Specification In Adipocytes, Downregulated Transcripts associated with: TLR-signaling COX/COX2 Pathways Lipoproteins |