Table 1 Summary of primary studies of electrical stimulation of glia
From: The effects of electrical stimulation on glial cell behaviour
Study | Invasive / Contact with cells? | Current | Glial subtypes examined | Application/Purpose of study | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref | In vitro | In vivo | Yes | No | AC | DC | |||
Ariza et al., 2010 | [48] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Neural stem/ progenitor cells | Engineering of electric fields to control differentiation and growth of transplant cells | ||
Baba et al., 2009 | [52] | ✓ | Semi-invasive (Epidural) | ✓ | Astrocytes, Microglia | Electrical stimulation as a therapeutic treatment for cerebral ischemia | |||
Bamford et al., 2010 | [33] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Astrocytes, Microglia | Intraspinal microstimulation | |||
Chen et al., 2020 | [45] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Microglia | DBS suppression of fractalkine signalling in Parkinson’s rat model | |||
Cohen et al., 2020 | [74] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Microglia | Electrical stimulation mediated neuronal regeneration via microglia (or via differential microglia distribution) | |||
Colmenárez-Raga et al., 2019 | [53] | ✓ | Semi-invasive (Epidural) | ✓ | Astrocytes, Microglia | Modulation of rat hearing sensitivity via epidural stimulation of auditory cortex | |||
Fu et al., 2019 | [71] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Astrocytes | Electrical stimulation via a PLGA/graphene oxide substrate for nerve repair | |||
Hadar et al., 2017 | [46] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Microglia | DBS suppression of microglia activation from perinatal CNS injury | |||
Hathway et al., 2009 | [58] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Microglia | Identifying microglia role in chronic pain/central sensitization in response to C-fibre stimulation | |||
Ishibashi et al., 2006 | [63] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes | Electrical stimulation-induced remyelination via astrocyte activity | |||
Latchoumane et al., 2018 | [54] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes | Investigation into underlying molecular pathways that make tDCS work in context of CNS injury | |||
Lee et al., 2017 | [70] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Oligodendrocytes | Model for studying effects of electrical stimulation on oligodendrocyte myelination activity | |||
Liu et al., 2004 | [65] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Microglia | Neuroprotective role of electro-acupuncture stimulation against neurodegenerative disease | |||
Orlowski et al., 2017 | [39] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Astrocytes, Microglia | Longitudinal DBS study in Goettingen pigs | |||
Pelletier et al., 2015 | [49] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Astrocytes, Microglia | Identifying the mechanisms behind the clinical benefits of tDCS | |||
Roitbak and Fanardjian, 1981 | [37] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Not specified | Characterization of glial cell depolarization | |||
Schipke et al., 2001 | [35] | ✓ | ✓ | Not specified | Astrocytes, Microglia | Proof of Ca2+ wave propagation through microglia using electrophysiological recordings and stimulation | |||
Vallejo et al., 2019 | [64] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | C6 Glioma cells | Electrical stimulation-induced gene expression modulation of glia | ||
Vedam-Mai et al., 2016 | [43] | ✓ | ✓ | Not specified | Microglia | Assessment of extent of microglia activation following DBS | |||
Xu et al., 2018 | [34] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Astrocytes, Ependymal cells | Use of electrical stimulation and nanofibers in neural tissue engineering | |||